使用 PowerShell 测试子网

我还添加了一个选项，用于使用 DNS 将 IP 地址解析为主机名。因为我不想在远程计算机上要求任何内容，所以我使用 .NET DNS 类来解析名称。此外，我还提供了使用 NETBIOS 的后备解决方案。如果您请求解析，并且 DNS 未返回名称，您可以选择使用 NBTSTAT 命令来解析主机名。我使用正则表达式模式来提取计算机名。

这是 Test-Subnet 的 2.0 版本。

#requires -version 3.0

Function Test-Subnet {

<#
.SYNOPSIS
Ping addresses in an IP subnet
.DESCRIPTION
This command is a wrapper for Test-Connection. It will ping an IP subnet range
and return a custom object for each address indicating if the address responded
to a ping.

IPAddress      : 172.16.10.1
Hostname       : 
Pinged         : True
TTL            : 80
Buffersize     : 32
Delay          : 1
TestDate       : 4/25/2014 9:53:08 AM
PSComputerName : JH-WIN81-ENT
RunspaceId     : ac86e6eb-676f-4e80-b231-4b554e2e5039

By default the command pings all hosts from 1 to 254 on the specfied subnet. 
Enter the subnet value like this: 172.16.10.0.

You can optionally choose to resolve the IP address to a hostname using DNS
with a last resort, if that fails, to use NETBIOS.

.PARAMETER Subnet
The IP subnet such as 192.168.10.0. A regular expression pattern will validate
the subnet value.
.PARAMETER Range
The range of host IP addresses. The default is 1..254.
.PARAMETER Count
The number of pings to send. The default is 1. The most
you can send with this command is 10.
.PARAMETER Delay
The delay between pings in seconds. The default is 1. The maximum value is 60.
.PARAMETER Buffer
Specifies the size, in bytes, of the buffer sent with this command.
The buffer default is 32.
.PARAMETER TTL
Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, that each echo request packet 
("pings") is active. The default value is 80 (seconds). 
.PARAMETER AsJob
Run the command as a background job.
.PARAMETER Resolve
Resolve the DNS host name if the computer can be pinged.
.PARAMETER UseNBT
If the host name cannot be resolved using DNS, attempt to resolve using NETBIOS
and the NBTSTAT command.
.PARAMETER Computername
Test the subnet from a remote computer. The default is the local host.
The remote computer should be running PowerShell v3 or later but it is not
required as long as remoting is enabled.
.EXAMPLE
PS C:\> Test-Subnet 192.168.10.0
Ping all computers in the 192.168.10 subnet.
.EXAMPLE
PS C:\> Test-Subnet 192.168.10.0 (100..200) -asjob
Ping computers 192.168.10.100 through 192.168.10.200 and run the command as a 
background job.
.NOTES
NAME        :  Test-Subnet
VERSION     :  2.0   
LAST UPDATED:  4/25/2014
AUTHOR      :  Jeffery Hicks

Learn more:
 PowerShell in Depth: An Administrator's Guide (http://www.manning.com/jones2/)
 PowerShell Deep Dives (http://manning.com/hicks/)
 Learn PowerShell 3 in a Month of Lunches (http://manning.com/jones3/)
 Learn PowerShell Toolmaking in a Month of Lunches (http://manning.com/jones4/)

  ****************************************************************
  * DO NOT USE IN A PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT UNTIL YOU HAVE TESTED *
  * THOROUGHLY IN A LAB ENVIRONMENT. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.  IF   *
  * YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND WHAT THIS SCRIPT DOES OR HOW IT WORKS, *
  * DO NOT USE IT OUTSIDE OF A SECURE, TEST SETTING.             *
  ****************************************************************

Originally published https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/2011/11/ping-ip-range/

.LINK
https://jdhitsolutions.com/blog/2014/04/test-subnet-with-powershell/
.LINK
Test-Connection 
.INPUTS
None
.OUTPUTS
Custom object
#>

[cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName="NoResolve")]

Param (
[Parameter(Position=0)]
[ValidatePattern("\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.0")]
[string]$Subnet="172.16.10.0",
[Parameter(Position=1)]
[ValidateRange(1,254)]
[int[]]$Range=1..254,
[ValidateRange(1,10)]
[int]$Count=1,
[ValidateRange(1,60)]
[int]$Delay=1,
[ValidateScript({$_ -ge 1})]
[int]$Buffer=32,
[ValidateScript({$_ -ge 1})]
[int]$TTL=80,
[Switch]$AsJob,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Resolve")]
[Switch]$Resolve,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Resolve")]
[Switch]$UseNBT,
[ValidateNotNullorEmpty()]
[string[]]$Computername=$env:COMPUTERNAME
)

Write-Verbose "Testing $subnet"
#define a scriptblock so we can run as a job if necessary
$sb={

#define some variables for Write-Progress
$progHash=@{
Activity = "Test Subnet from $($env:computername)"
Status = "Pinging"
CurrentOperation = $Null
PercentComplete = 0
}

Write-Progress @progHash

$i=0
$total = ($using:Range).count

Foreach($node in ($using:range)) {

    $i++
    
    $progHash.PercentComplete = ($i/$total) * 100

    #replace the 0 with the range number
    $target= ([regex]"0$").replace($using:subnet,$node)

    $progHash.CurrentOperation = $target
    Write-Progress @progHash
    
    #define a hashtable of paramters to splat to Test-Connection
    $pingHash = @{
      ComputerName = $target
      count = $using:count
      Delay = $using:delay
      BufferSize = $using:Buffer
      TimeToLive = $using:ttl
      Quiet = $True
    }

    $ping = Test-Connection @pingHash 
    
    if ($ping -AND $using:resolve) {
        $progHash.status =  "Resolving host name"
        Write-Progress @progHash
        <#
        using .NET because there's no guarantee remote computers
        will have the necessary cmdlets, and this should also be
        faster.
        #>
        $Hostname = [system.net.dns]::Resolve("$target").hostname

        if ($UseNBT -AND ($hostname -eq $target)) {
            Write-verbose "Resolving with NBTSTAT"
            [regex]$rx="(?<Name>\S+)\s+<00>\s+UNIQUE"                                                              
            $nbt = nbtstat -A $target | out-string
            $Hostname = $rx.Match($nbt).groups["Name"].value    

        }
    }
    else {
        $Hostname = $Null
    }

    #use an ordered hashtable if running v3 or later
    if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -ge 3) {
        $resultHash = [ordered]@{
            IPAddress = $Target
            Hostname = $Hostname
            Pinged = $ping
            TTL = $using:TTL
            Buffersize = $using:buffer
            Delay = $Using:Delay
            TestDate = Get-Date
        }
    }
    else {
       $resultHash = @{
            IPAddress = $Target
            Hostname = $Hostname
            Pinged = $ping
            TTL = $using:TTL
            Buffersize = $using:buffer
            Delay = $Using:Delay
            TestDate = Get-Date
        }
    }

    #create the property
    New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $resultHash
}
} #close scriptblock


#hashtable of parameters for Invoke-Command
$icmHash = @{
  Scriptblock = $sb
  Computername = $Computername
}
if ($AsJob) {
    Write-Verbose "Creating a background job"
    #Start-Job -ScriptBlock $sb -Name "Ping $subnet" 
    $icmHash.Add("AsJob",$True)
    $icmHash.Add("JobName","Ping $subnet") 
}
 Write-Verbose "Running the command"
 Invoke-Command @icmHash 
 
} #end function

需要明确的是，“子网”可能有点用词不当，因为我没有使用子网掩码计算任何地址。相反，您输入基本 IP 地址，例如 10.10.1.0，然后输入 1 到 254 之间的主机号范围（顺便说一下，这是默认值）。然后，该命令将测试 10.10.1.1 到 10.10.1.254 或您输入的任何内容。

我的脚本采用了一些您可能会找到帮助的其他技术，例如splatting、参数集、Write-Progress 和参数验证。这是我发送到 Out-Gridview 然后进行自定义的结果的屏幕截图。

但由于该命令将对象写入管道，您可以做任何您想做的事情。我相信你会让我知道你的想法。享受！！