SharePoint Online：使用 PowerShell 将选择字段添加到列表

要求：PowerShell 添加要在 SharePoint Online 中列出的选择字段。

如何将选择字段添加到 SharePoint Online 列表？

SharePoint Online 中的选择列用于为元数据列提供一组预定义的选项。根据您配置的设置，此字段可能接受单个值或多个值。当配置为单选时，它是一个下拉列表或单选按钮，当我们配置为多选时，它显示为复选框。要从 Web UI 添加选择字段，请按照下列步骤操作：

1. 浏览到您的 SharePoint Online 网站并导航到要在其中添加选项列的目标列表。
2. 在“列表”选项卡下，单击功能区中的“创建列”按钮。

3. 为新列提供名称，将类型指定为“选择（可供选择的菜单）”

   

4. 向下滚动并在给定列表中输入选项，每行一个选项

   

5. 填写其他可选值，例如选择字段类型（下拉菜单/单选按钮/复选框），然后单击“确定”在 SharePoint Online 列表中创建选择字段。

PowerShell 在 SharePoint Online 列表中创建选择字段：

以下是用于将选择列添加到 SharePoint Online 列表的 PowerShell CSOM 脚本。

#Load SharePoint CSOM Assemblies
Add-Type -Path "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\ISAPI\Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.dll"
Add-Type -Path "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\ISAPI\Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime.dll"

#Custom function to add column to list
Function Add-ChoiceColumnToList()
{ 
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $SiteURL,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $ListName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $Name,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $DisplayName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $ChoiceValues,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string] $DefaultValue,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $Description=[string]::Empty,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $IsRequired = "FALSE",
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $EnforceUniqueValues= "FALSE",
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $Format ="Dropdown",
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)] [string] $FillInChoice="FALSE"
    )

    #Generate new GUID for Field ID
    $FieldID = New-Guid

    Try {
        $Cred= Get-Credential
        $Credentials = New-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.SharePointOnlineCredentials($Cred.Username, $Cred.Password)

        #Setup the context
        $Ctx = New-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ClientContext($SiteURL)
        $Ctx.Credentials = $Credentials
        
        #Get the List
        $List = $Ctx.Web.Lists.GetByTitle($ListName)
        $Ctx.Load($List)
        $Ctx.ExecuteQuery()

        #Check if the column exists in list already
        $Fields = $List.Fields
        $Ctx.Load($Fields)
        $Ctx.executeQuery()
        $NewField = $Fields | where { ($_.Internalname -eq $Name) -or ($_.Title -eq $DisplayName) }
        if($NewField -ne $NULL)  
        {
            Write-host "Column $Name already exists in the List!" -f Yellow
        }
        else
        {
           #Frame Choices
            $ChoiceOptions=[string]::Empty
            $Choices = $ChoiceValues.Split(",")
            foreach ($Choice in $Choices)
            {
                $ChoiceOptions = $ChoiceOptions + "<CHOICE>$Choice</CHOICE>"
            }
            #Define XML for Field Schema
            $FieldSchema = "<Field Type='Choice' ID='{$FieldID}' DisplayName='$DisplayName' Name='$Name' Description='$Description' Required='$IsRequired' FillInChoice='$FillInChoice' Format='$Format'><Default>$DefaultValue</Default> <CHOICES>$ChoiceOptions</CHOICES></Field>"
            $NewField = $List.Fields.AddFieldAsXml($FieldSchema,$True,[Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.AddFieldOptions]::AddFieldInternalNameHint)
            $Ctx.ExecuteQuery()    

            Write-host "New Column Added to the List Successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green  
        }
    }
    Catch {
        write-host -f Red "Error Adding Column to List!" $_.Exception.Message
    }
} 

#Set parameter values
$SiteURL="https://crescent.sharepoint.com"
$ListName="Projects"
$Name="ProjectDepartment"
$DisplayName="Project Department"
$Description="Enter the Project Department"
$ChoiceValues="IT,Sales,Operations,Marketing,HR"
$DefaultValue="IT"
$Format="RadioButtons" #Override default parameter value Dropdown

#Call the function to add column to list
Add-ChoiceColumnToList -SiteURL $SiteURL -ListName $ListName -Name $Name -DisplayName $DisplayName -Description $Description -Format $Format -ChoiceValues $ChoiceValues -DefaultValue $DefaultValue

此 PowerShell 脚本为给定参数添加了一个新的选择列。

使用 PnP PowerShell 将选择字段添加到 SharePoint Online 列表

选择列允许用户在将数据输入到列表中时从预定义的值列表中进行选择。让我们看看如何使用 PnP PowerShell 将选择字段添加到 SharePoint Online 列表：

#Config Variables
$SiteURL = "https://Crescent.sharepoint.com/sites/marketing"
$ListName= "Projects"

#Get Credentials to connect
$Cred = Get-Credential

#Connect to PnP Online
Connect-PnPOnline -Url $SiteURL -Credentials $Cred

#Add Choice Field
Add-PnPField -List $ListName -DisplayName "Department" -InternalName "Department" -Type Choice -AddToDefaultView -Choices "Sales","Marketing","Purchase", "IT", "HR" 

同样，您还可以从 XML 添加选择列到 SharePoint Online 列表。

#Config Variables
$SiteURL = "https://Crescent.sharepoint.com/sites/marketing"
$ListName= "Projects"

#Get Credentials to connect
$Cred = Get-Credential

#Connect to PnP Online
Connect-PnPOnline -Url $SiteURL -Credentials $Cred

#Genrate New GUID for List ID
$FieldID = ([GUID]::NewGuid()).GUID

#Define XML Schema for Choice Field
$FieldXML= "<Field Type='Choice' Name='Priority' ID='$FieldID' DisplayName='Priority'>
                 <CHOICES>
                      <CHOICE>(1) High</CHOICE>
                      <CHOICE>(2) Normal</CHOICE>
                      <CHOICE>(3) Low</CHOICE>
                </CHOICES>
                <Default>(2) Normal</Default>
            </Field>"

#Add Choice Field to list from XML
Add-PnPFieldFromXml -FieldXml $FieldXML -List $ListName

如果您需要多项选择列，请将字段类型更改为“MultiChoice”。设置 Format='RadioButtons' 用于单选按钮选择。