用于检查 Windows 更新状态的 PowerShell 脚本

通常，希望了解Windows 11/10系统上是否安装了最新累积更新的用户使用此方法来检查Windows更新历史记录。在这篇文章中，我们将向您展示如何使用 PowerShell 脚本获取 Windows 11/10 的当前补丁信息。

用于检查 Windows 更新状态的 PowerShell 脚本

PowerShell 脚本可用于报告 Windows 11/10 计算机当前使用的操作系统版本以及哪个更新是设备可用的最新更新。它还可以报告针对工作站当前运行的 Windows 11/10 版本发布的所有 Windows 更新。

运行脚本时，会显示以下信息：

• 当前操作系统版本

• 当前操作系统版本

• 当前操作系统版本号

• 与该内部版本号相对应的已安装更新以及 KB 编号和信息页面的链接

• 操作系统版本的最新可用更新

要使用 PowerShell 脚本获取 Windows 10 当前补丁信息，您需要使用来自 Github 的以下代码创建并运行 PowerShell 脚本。

[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[switch]$ListAllAvailable,
[switch]$ExcludePreview,
[switch]$ExcludeOutofBand
)
$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
$URI = "https://aka.ms/WindowsUpdateHistory" # Windows 10 release history

Function Get-MyWindowsVersion {
[CmdletBinding()]
Param
(
$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
)

$Table = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
$Table.Columns.AddRange(@("ComputerName","Windows Edition","Version","OS Build"))
$ProductName = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' -Name ProductName).ProductName
Try
{
$Version = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' -Name ReleaseID -ErrorAction Stop).ReleaseID
}
Catch
{
$Version = "N/A"
}
$CurrentBuild = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' -Name CurrentBuild).CurrentBuild
$UBR = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' -Name UBR).UBR
$OSVersion = $CurrentBuild + "." + $UBR
$TempTable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
$TempTable.Columns.AddRange(@("ComputerName","Windows Edition","Version","OS Build"))
[void]$TempTable.Rows.Add($env:COMPUTERNAME,$ProductName,$Version,$OSVersion)

Return $TempTable
}

Function Convert-ParsedArray {
Param($Array)

$ArrayList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
foreach ($item in $Array)
{ 
[void]$ArrayList.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
Update = $item.outerHTML.Split('>')[1].Replace('</a','').Replace('—',' - ')
KB = "KB" + $item.href.Split('/')[-1]
InfoURL = "https://support.microsoft.com" + $item.href
OSBuild = $item.outerHTML.Split('(OS ')[1].Split()[1] # Just for sorting
})
}
Return $ArrayList
}

If ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -ge 6)
{
$Response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $URI -ErrorAction Stop
}
else 
{
$Response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $URI -UseBasicParsing -ErrorAction Stop
}

If (!($Response.Links))
{ throw "Response was not parsed as HTML"}
$VersionDataRaw = $Response.Links | where {$_.outerHTML -match "supLeftNavLink" -and $_.outerHTML -match "KB"}
$CurrentWindowsVersion = Get-MyWindowsVersion -ErrorAction Stop

If ($ListAllAvailable)
{
If ($ExcludePreview -and $ExcludeOutofBand)
{
$AllAvailable = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Preview" -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Out-of-band"}
}
ElseIf ($ExcludePreview)
{
$AllAvailable = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Preview"}
}
ElseIf ($ExcludeOutofBand)
{
$AllAvailable = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Out-of-band"}
}
Else
{
$AllAvailable = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0]}
}
$UniqueList = (Convert-ParsedArray -Array $AllAvailable) | Sort OSBuild -Descending -Unique
$Table = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
[void]$Table.Columns.AddRange(@('Update','KB','InfoURL'))
foreach ($Update in $UniqueList)
{
[void]$Table.Rows.Add(
$Update.Update,
$Update.KB,
$Update.InfoURL
)
}
Return $Table
}

$CurrentPatch = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'} | Select -First 1
If ($ExcludePreview -and $ExcludeOutofBand)
{
$LatestAvailablePatch = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Out-of-band" -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Preview"} | Select -First 1
}
ElseIf ($ExcludePreview)
{
$LatestAvailablePatch = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Preview"} | Select -First 1
}
ElseIf ($ExcludeOutofBand)
{
$LatestAvailablePatch = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0] -and $_.outerHTML -notmatch "Out-of-band"} | Select -First 1
}
Else
{
$LatestAvailablePatch = $VersionDataRaw | where {$_.outerHTML -match $CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build'.Split('.')[0]} | Select -First 1
}


$Table = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
[void]$Table.Columns.AddRange(@('OSVersion','OSEdition','OSBuild','CurrentInstalledUpdate','CurrentInstalledUpdateKB','CurrentInstalledUpdateInfoURL','LatestAvailableUpdate','LastestAvailableUpdateKB','LastestAvailableUpdateInfoURL'))
[void]$Table.Rows.Add(
$CurrentWindowsVersion.Version,
$CurrentWindowsVersion.'Windows Edition',
$CurrentWindowsVersion.'OS Build',
$CurrentPatch.outerHTML.Split('>')[1].Replace('</a','').Replace('—',' - '),
"KB" + $CurrentPatch.href.Split('/')[-1],
"https://support.microsoft.com" + $CurrentPatch.href,
$LatestAvailablePatch.outerHTML.Split('>')[1].Replace('</a','').Replace('—',' - '),
"KB" + $LatestAvailablePatch.href.Split('/')[-1],
"https://support.microsoft.com" + $LatestAvailablePatch.href
)
Return $Table

您可以排除比您已安装的更新更新的可用预览或带外更新，使其不被报告为最新可用更新，因此您可以通过运行以下命令来专注于累积更新：

Get-CurrentPatchInfo -ExcludePreview -ExcludeOutofBand

您还可以使用以下命令列出 Microsoft 为您的操作系统版本发布的所有 Windows 更新：

Get-CurrentPatchInfo -ListAvailable

如果您想从列表中排除预览版和带外更新，但列出 Microsoft 为您的操作系统版本发布的所有 Windows 更新，请运行以下命令：

Get-CurrentPatchInfo -ListAvailable -ExcludePreview -ExcludeOutofBand

就是这样！